Чем опасен сахарный диабет

13 сентября 2013

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Сахарный диабет является одной из основных медико-социальных проблем современного общества, прежде всего в силу значительной распространенности заболевания, частого развития осложнений с поражением мелких и крупных сосудов, ведущих к повышению смертности и инвалидности, сокращению продолжительности жизни диабетиков по сравнению с показателями в общей популяции.

Чем отличается диабет I и II типа

Существует два основных типа сахарного диабета: 

  1. инсулинозависимый (тип I), встречающийся чаще у лиц детского и юношеского возраста, в основе развития которого лежит абсолютная инсулиновая недостаточность, и требующий обязательных ежедневных (часто неоднократных) инъекций инсулина; 
  2. инсулинонезависимый (тип II), нередко развивающийся у людей в возрасте старше 35—40 лет и обусловленный сочетанием снижения секреции инсулина бета-клетками островков Лангерганса поджелудочной железы и чувствительности периферических тканей к действию инсулина. 

Основную часть пациентов с сахарным диабетом (85—90%) составляют больные со II типом заболевания. В настоящее время отмечается устойчивая тенденция к постоянному повышению заболеваемости сахарным диабетом во всех регионах мира, характерная как для экономически развитых, так и для развивающихся стран, причем в основном это касается случаев заболевания II типа. 

В чем опасность диабета для больного

Резкое увеличение числа больных позволяет говорить о «глобальной эпидемии сахарного диабета». Так, в 2010 г. количество диабетиков в мире достигло 215 млн. Актуальность проблемы сахарного диабета возрастает и в связи с постепенным старением населения, поскольку распространенность этого недуга значительно повышается с увеличением продолжительности жизни людей. У лиц в возрасте старше 65 лет она достигает 17.7%, по данным исследований, проведенных в США.

Сахарный диабет способствует значительному сокращению продолжительности жизни — у больных она короче на 5— 10 лет по сравнению с лицами без данной проблемы со здоровьем.

Самые частые осложнения диабета I и II типа

Сахарный диабет I и II типов отличается не только по причинам возникновения, но и по характеру течения заболевания, подходам к проведению сахароснижающей терапии и достижению компенсации углеводного обмена, склонности к развитию характерных осложнений. 

Так, у больных с сахарным диабетом I типа чаще всего развивается поражение сосудов мелкого калибра, которое называется диабетическая микроангиопатия. Прежде всего, это ретинопатия (поражение глаз), нефропатия (патология сосудов, питающих почки) и нейропатия (поражение нервов). 

Чаще всего, поражение мелких сосудов клубочков почек, лежащее в основе диабетической нефропатии и приводящее по мере прогрессирования к развитию характерного диабетического гломерулосклероза и хронической почечной недостаточности, является основной причиной смерти больных с инсулинозависимым типом заболевания. Главной причиной летального исхода у больных с инсулиннезависимым сахарным диабетом II типа являются сердечно-сосудистые заболевания, а не отказ почек.

В развитии и диабетической нефропатии, и сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний отдельную роль играет артериальная гипертензия (гипертония, повышенное кровяное давление). Поэтому грамотное лечение гипертонии при сахарном диабете представляет собой важнейший фактор профилактики инфаркта, инсульта и развития диабетической нефропатии.

Источник статьи - http://diabet-med.com/ - самый полезный сайт для больных диабетом  I и II типа. Узнайте у нас, как можно легко понизить сахар в крови до нормы!

 
 
 
 

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